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Adding Equations

Add LaTeX math to course, module, and topic descriptions

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Descriptions support LaTeX math rendered with MathJax. Type equations in the description editor using backslash delimiters — not dollar signs.

Use \( \) and \[ \] — not $ or $$.

Inline: \(E = mc^2\) · Display: \[ x^2 + y^2 = z^2 \] · Content Formatting

Examples (48)

Try editing

Each row: markdown source (left) and the topic description render pipeline (right).

Delimiters

Angle brackets Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \langle \psi | \phi \rangle \]
Rendered

\[ \langle \psi | \phi \rangle \]

Definition lines (math then = prose) Try in editor
Markdown
where:

\[ E_{0} \]
= primordial cosmic energy,

\[ P \]
= particle.
Rendered

where:

\( E_{0} \) = primordial cosmic energy,

\( P \) = particle.

Server folds display-on-own-line before = into inline.

Display basic Try in editor
Markdown
Solve: \[ x^2 + y^2 = z^2 \]
Rendered

Solve: \[ x^2 + y^2 = z^2 \]

Display with TeX linebreak Try in editor
Markdown
\[ line1 \\ line2 \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{gathered} line1 \\ line2 \end{gathered} \]

Bare \\ in \[...\] is wrapped in gathered so MathJax stacks lines.

Emphasis outside math Try in editor
Markdown
Use _emphasis_ outside and \(\alpha_1\) inside.
Rendered

Use emphasis outside and \(\alpha_1\) inside.

Inline basic Try in editor
Markdown
The value \(\alpha\) is positive.
Rendered

The value \(\alpha\) is positive.

Inline mid-sentence Try in editor
Markdown
Given \( a + b = c \) we conclude.
Rendered

Given \( a + b = c \) we conclude.

Left/right sizing Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \left( \frac{a}{b} \right) + \left[ \frac{c}{d} \right] + \left\{ \frac{e}{f} \right\} \]
Rendered

\[ \left( \frac{a}{b} \right) + \left[ \frac{c}{d} \right] + \left\{ \frac{e}{f} \right\} \]

Many blocks in one doc Try in editor
Markdown
Item 0: \( x_{0} \) and \[ y_{0} \]

Item 1: \( x_{1} \) and \[ y_{1} \]

Item 2: \( x_{2} \) and \[ y_{2} \]

Item 3: \( x_{3} \) and \[ y_{3} \]

Item 4: \( x_{4} \) and \[ y_{4} \]

Item 5: \( x_{5} \) and \[ y_{5} \]

Item 6: \( x_{6} \) and \[ y_{6} \]

Item 7: \( x_{7} \) and \[ y_{7} \]
Rendered

Item 0: \( x_{0} \) and \[ y_{0} \]

Item 1: \( x_{1} \) and \[ y_{1} \]

Item 2: \( x_{2} \) and \[ y_{2} \]

Item 3: \( x_{3} \) and \[ y_{3} \]

Item 4: \( x_{4} \) and \[ y_{4} \]

Item 5: \( x_{5} \) and \[ y_{5} \]

Item 6: \( x_{6} \) and \[ y_{6} \]

Item 7: \( x_{7} \) and \[ y_{7} \]

Scripts

Nested scripts Try in editor
Markdown
\[ a^{b^{c}}_{d_{e}} \]
Rendered

\[ a^{b^{c}}_{d_{e}} \]

Subscripts Try in editor
Markdown
\[ P_{1} + P_{2} \to P_{3} \]
Rendered

\[ P_{1} + P_{2} \to P_{3} \]

Superscripts Try in editor
Markdown
\[ e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0 \]
Rendered

\[ e^{i\pi} + 1 = 0 \]

Text in subscript Try in editor
Markdown
\[ M_{\text{Moon}} + M_{\text{Earth}} \]
Rendered

\[ M_{\text{Moon}} + M_{\text{Earth}} \]

Fractions

Markdown
\[ \binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} \]
Rendered

\[ \binom{n}{k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} \]

Markdown
\[ \frac{a + b}{c + d} \]
Rendered

\[ \frac{a + b}{c + d} \]

Nested fraction Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{x}}} \]
Rendered

\[ \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{1 + \frac{1}{x}}} \]

Square / nth root Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \sqrt{2} + \sqrt[3]{x + 1} \]
Rendered

\[ \sqrt{2} + \sqrt[3]{x + 1} \]

dfrac / tfrac Try in editor
Markdown
Inline \(\tfrac{1}{2}\) and display \[ \dfrac{a}{b} \]
Rendered

Inline \(\tfrac{1}{2}\) and display \[ \dfrac{a}{b} \]

Symbols

Markdown
\[ A \to B \Rightarrow C \leftrightarrow D \mapsto E \circlearrowright F \]
Rendered

\[ A \to B \Rightarrow C \leftrightarrow D \mapsto E \circlearrowright F \]

Blackboard / calligraphic Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \mathbb{R} \subset \mathbb{C} \quad \mathcal{L}(f) \quad \mathfrak{g} \]
Rendered

\[ \mathbb{R} \subset \mathbb{C} \quad \mathcal{L}(f) \quad \mathfrak{g} \]

Markdown
\[ a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n \quad a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n \]
Rendered

\[ a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n \quad a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_n \]

Greek letters Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega \]
Rendered

\[ \alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega \]

Operators & relations Try in editor
Markdown
\[ a \pm b \times c \cdot d \div e \neq f \approx g \leq h \geq i \in j \subset k \supset l \]
Rendered

\[ a \pm b \times c \cdot d \div e \neq f \approx g \leq h \geq i \in j \subset k \supset l \]

Uppercase Greek Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \Gamma\Delta\Theta\Lambda\Xi\Pi\Sigma\Upsilon\Phi\Psi\Omega \]
Rendered

\[ \Gamma\Delta\Theta\Lambda\Xi\Pi\Sigma\Upsilon\Phi\Psi\Omega \]

Accents

Markdown
\[ \hat{x} \bar{P} \vec{v} \dot{x} \ddot{x} \tilde{f} \overline{AB} \underline{x} \]
Rendered

\[ \hat{x} \bar{P} \vec{v} \dot{x} \ddot{x} \tilde{f} \overline{AB} \underline{x} \]

Operators

Markdown
\[ \prod_{i=1}^{n} (1 + x_i) \]
Rendered

\[ \prod_{i=1}^{n} (1 + x_i) \]

Sum / integral / limit Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \sum_{n=1}^{N} a_n + \int_0^1 x^2\,dx + \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} \]
Rendered

\[ \sum_{n=1}^{N} a_n + \int_0^1 x^2\,dx + \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin x}{x} \]

Matrices

Markdown
\[ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \]

Markdown
\[ |x| = \begin{cases} x & x \ge 0 \\ -x & x < 0 \end{cases} \]
Rendered

\[ |x| = \begin{cases} x & x \ge 0 \\ -x & x < 0 \end{cases} \]

matrix (plain) Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix} \]

Markdown
\[ \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{pmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{pmatrix} \]

Align

align* flattened (repair inserts \\) Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \begin{align*}\text{Yama} &= \text{Particle}, \text{Yamī} &= \text{Anti-particle}.\end{align*} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{align*}\text{Yama} &= \text{Particle}, \\ \text{Yamī} &= \text{Anti-particle}.\end{align*} \]

Normalize inserts TeX linebreaks between &= rows.

align* multi-row Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \begin{align*} \text{Yama} &= \text{Particle}, \\ \text{Yamī} &= \text{Anti-particle}, \\ \text{Mitra} &= \text{Positive constituent}. \end{align*} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{align*} \text{Yama} &= \text{Particle}, \\ \text{Yamī} &= \text{Anti-particle}, \\ \text{Mitra} &= \text{Positive constituent}. \end{align*} \]

Must keep align* (not align\*) and row \\.

align\* Toast escape repair Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \begin{align\*} x &= 1 \\ y &= 2 \end{align\*} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{align*} x &= 1 \\ y &= 2 \end{align*} \]

Toast escapes * as \*; must repair before MathJax.

Markdown
\[ \begin{gather*} a = b + c \\ d = e + f \end{gather*} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{gather*} a = b + c \\ d = e + f \end{gather*} \]

Text

Unicode phrase in text{} Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \text{मित्रो दाधार पृथिवीम्} \]
Rendered

\[ \text{मित्रो दाधार पृथिवीम्} \]

Full Devanagari phrase inside \text{}. Requires MathJax chtml.mtextInheritFont so matras combine (no dotted circles).

Sanskrit words inside an equation Try in editor
Markdown
Inline: the pair \(\text{यम}\) and \(\text{यमी}\).

\[ E_{\text{सूर्य}} = M_{\text{सूर्य}} c^{2}, \quad \text{यम} + \text{यमी} \rightarrow \gamma \]
Rendered

Inline: the pair \(\text{यम}\) and \(\text{यमी}\).

\[ E_{\text{सूर्य}} = M_{\text{सूर्य}} c^{2}, \quad \text{यम} + \text{यमी} \rightarrow \gamma \]

Put Indic / Unicode words in \text{...}. MathJax mtextInheritFont keeps the phrase in one node so combining marks shape correctly.

Markdown
\[ c = 299\,792\,458 \text{ m/s} \]
Rendered

\[ c = 299\,792\,458 \text{ m/s} \]

textit / mathit / textbf Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \textit{hello} \mathit{xyz} \textbf{bold} \mathrm{d}x \mathbf{F} \]
Rendered

\[ \textit{hello} \mathit{xyz} \textbf{bold} \mathrm{d}x \mathbf{F} \]

Decorations

overbrace / underbrace Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \overbrace{a + b + c}^{n} + \underbrace{x + y}_{m} \]
Rendered

\[ \overbrace{a + b + c}^{n} + \underbrace{x + y}_{m} \]

Color

cancel via require Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \require{cancel} \cancel{x} + \cancel{y} \]
Rendered

\[ \require{cancel} \cancel{x} + \cancel{y} \]

Dynamic \require{cancel}.

Markdown
\[ \color{red}{x} + \color{blue}{y} \]
Rendered

\[ \color{red}{x} + \color{blue}{y} \]

Uses MathJax autoload for color.

Recovery

Anti-particle bar Try in editor
Markdown
\[ E_{0} \to P + \bar{P} \]
Rendered

\[ E_{0} \to P + \bar{P} \]

Doubled display delimiters Try in editor
Markdown
\\[ x^2 + y^2 = z^2 \\\\]
Rendered

\[ x^2 + y^2 = z^2 \]

Lecture 29-style glossary align Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \begin{align*} \text{Yama} &= \text{Particle}, \\ \text{Yamī} &= \text{Anti-particle}, \\ \text{Mitra} &= \text{Positive constituent}, \\ \text{Varuṇa} &= \text{Negative constituent}, \\ \text{Deva} &= \text{Energy-bearing particle}, \\ \text{Asura} &= \text{Anti-particle}, \\ \text{Yajña} &= \text{Process of transformation and creation}, \\ \text{Saṅgrāma} &= \text{Particle interaction}, \\ \text{Annihilation} &= \text{Conversion into radiation}. \end{align*} \]
Rendered

\[ \begin{align*} \text{Yama} &= \text{Particle}, \\ \text{Yamī} &= \text{Anti-particle}, \\ \text{Mitra} &= \text{Positive constituent}, \\ \text{Varuṇa} &= \text{Negative constituent}, \\ \text{Deva} &= \text{Energy-bearing particle}, \\ \text{Asura} &= \text{Anti-particle}, \\ \text{Yajña} &= \text{Process of transformation and creation}, \\ \text{Saṅgrāma} &= \text{Particle interaction}, \\ \text{Annihilation} &= \text{Conversion into radiation}. \end{align*} \]

Orphan backslash line before math Try in editor
Markdown
Before
\\
\[ x^2 \]
Rendered

Before
\[ x^2 \]

Pathological backslash run (recovery) Try in editor
Markdown
\[ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\text{Yama} \]
Rendered

\[ \text{Yama} \]

Hard-clamps runaway backslash doubling; length stays bounded.

Toast-escaped underscores Try in editor
Markdown
\[ P\_{1} + P\_{2} \to P\_{3} \]
Rendered

\[ P_{1} + P_{2} \to P_{3} \]

\_ inside math becomes subscript _.

Editing tips

  • Visual tab — Type or paste LaTeX delimiters; math shows as a highlighted code snippet while editing.
  • Raw Markdown tab — Paste \(…\) / \[…\] for precise control.
  • Unicode / Sanskrit — Put Indic text in \text{...} (e.g. \(E_{\text{सूर्य}}\)).

Troubleshooting

  • Raw text instead of math: use \(\) or \[\], not $.
  • Backslashes disappear: use Raw Markdown and re-enter delimiters.
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